STM32:串口--中断模式

STM32:串口--中断模式 目录一.串口原理二.串口--中断模式一.串口原理当我们调用HAL_UART_Transmit函数时主要涉及发送数据寄存器发送移位寄存器具体过程如下HAL_UART_Receive函数同理在轮询模式下CPU一直处于忙碌状态轮询模式下需要一直等待此函数执行完且在该函数执行过程中暂时无法向下执行。因此该状态被称为“堵塞”。二.串口--中断模式串口中断模式当CPU将数据塞入寄存器后可以继续进行其他任务当发送移位寄存器中的数据发送出去后则会触发“发送数据寄存器空”中断将CPU叫回来CPU在中断处理函数中将数据塞入发送数据寄存器后又可以处理其它任务。1.Cubemx配置打开USART2中断介绍串口中断模式的两个函数与轮询模式类似在此基础上添加ITHAL_UART_Transmit_IT(huart, pData, Size);huart:发送的串口这里使用huart2pData发送数据的指针这里使用receiveDataSize发送数据的长度这里使用2当收到 N 个字节 → 进入回调函数void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart);HAL_UART_Receive_IT(huart, pData, Size);huart:接收的串口这里使用huart2pData接收数据的指针这里使用receiveDataSize接收数据的长度这里使用2注意由于不会对程序造成堵塞当没等到接收数据就会接着向下执行当进行下次循环时上次的数据还没接收完就又执行开启串口中断接收了因此我们需要把该函数放在while循环外。当全部 len 个字节全部硬件发送完毕 → 进入回调函数void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart);打开stm32f1xx_it.c找到void USART2_IRQHandler(void)函数USART2的中断向量对应的中断处理函数USART的各种中断事件被连接到同一个中断向量比如发送完成清除发送发送数据寄存器空接受数据寄存器非空中断等需要判断什么原因造成的中断。但HAL库都已经配置好了我们需要按住Ctrl鼠标点击HAL_UART_IRQHandler函数内部。HAL库提供回调函数机制Callback,让我们在串口中断处理逻辑中执行我们自己的代码我们在刚点进去函数所在的文件中找到此回调函数。该函数能够在串口接收完成的第一时刻对收到的数据进行分析处理因此我们将要执行的代码写入该函数即可。注意回调里不要用延时、长时间阻塞代码中断上下文运行接收完必须再次调用HAL_UART_Receive_IT否则只收一次第一次接收函数写在main函数里while函数外将该函数复制到main.c文件中main函数外将之前写入while函数内的代码剪切到该函数中即可注意接收数组要升级为全局变量。因为回调函数中的代码要用到该数组地址main.c整体代码如下/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /** ****************************************************************************** * file : main.c * brief : Main program body ****************************************************************************** * attention * * Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** */ /* USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include main.h /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #includestring.h /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ UART_HandleTypeDef huart2; DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart2_tx; DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart2_rx; /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ uint8_t receiveData[2]; /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); static void MX_GPIO_Init(void); static void MX_DMA_Init(void); static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) { HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(huart2,receiveData,2); //HAL_MAX_DELAY:不设超时时间直至结束 GPIO_PinState state GPIO_PIN_SET;//初始化默认高电平 //判断单片机接收的是0还是1设置高低电平 if(receiveData[1] 0) { state GPIO_PIN_RESET; } //判断单片机接收的是R还是G还是B输出对应的颜色 if(receiveData[0] R){ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_RED_GPIO_Port,LED_RED_Pin,state); }else if(receiveData[0] G) { HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_GREEN_GPIO_Port, LED_GREEN_Pin,state); }else if(receiveData[0] B) { HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_BLUE_GPIO_Port, LED_BLUE_Pin,state); } HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(huart2,receiveData,2); } //void HAL_UARTEx_RxEventCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint16_t Size) //{ // if(huart huart2) // { // HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(huart2,receiveData,Size); // // HAL_UARTEx_ReceiveToIdle_DMA(huart2,receiveData,sizeof(receiveData)); // __HAL_DMA_DISABLE_IT(hdma_usart2_rx,DMA_IT_HT); // } //} /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** * brief The application entry point. * retval int */ int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_DMA_Init(); MX_USART2_UART_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ HAL_UART_Receive_IT(huart2,receiveData,2); /* USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop */ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ while (1) { /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /** * brief System Clock Configuration * retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct {0}; /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState RCC_PLL_NONE; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(RCC_OscInitStruct) ! HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider RCC_HCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) ! HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /** * brief USART2 Initialization Function * param None * retval None */ static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 0 */ /* USER CODE END USART2_Init 0 */ /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 1 */ /* USER CODE END USART2_Init 1 */ huart2.Instance USART2; huart2.Init.BaudRate 115200; huart2.Init.WordLength UART_WORDLENGTH_8B; huart2.Init.StopBits UART_STOPBITS_1; huart2.Init.Parity UART_PARITY_NONE; huart2.Init.Mode UART_MODE_TX_RX; huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl UART_HWCONTROL_NONE; huart2.Init.OverSampling UART_OVERSAMPLING_16; if (HAL_UART_Init(huart2) ! HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 2 */ /* USER CODE END USART2_Init 2 */ } /** * Enable DMA controller clock */ static void MX_DMA_Init(void) { /* DMA controller clock enable */ __HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE(); /* DMA interrupt init */ /* DMA1_Channel6_IRQn interrupt configuration */ HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Channel6_IRQn, 0, 0); HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Channel6_IRQn); /* DMA1_Channel7_IRQn interrupt configuration */ HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Channel7_IRQn, 0, 0); HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Channel7_IRQn); } /** * brief GPIO Initialization Function * param None * retval None */ static void MX_GPIO_Init(void) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct {0}; /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */ /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */ /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */ __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE(); /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, LED_BLUE_Pin|LED_GREEN_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_RED_GPIO_Port, LED_RED_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); /*Configure GPIO pins : LED_BLUE_Pin LED_GREEN_Pin */ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin LED_BLUE_Pin|LED_GREEN_Pin; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; GPIO_InitStruct.Pull GPIO_NOPULL; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW; HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, GPIO_InitStruct); /*Configure GPIO pin : LED_RED_Pin */ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin LED_RED_Pin; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; GPIO_InitStruct.Pull GPIO_NOPULL; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW; HAL_GPIO_Init(LED_RED_GPIO_Port, GPIO_InitStruct); /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */ /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */ } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** * brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * retval None */ void Error_Handler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ __disable_irq(); while (1) { } /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * param file: pointer to the source file name * param line: assert_param error line source number * retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf(Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n, file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */文章到这里就结束了创造不易如果喜欢的话点个关注点个赞谢谢大家