14 裁判与规则从犯规到挑战Opening Scene“Whistle blows.Flagrant foul, type 2—the referee makes theejection signal. The coachcalls for a challenge, the refs go to thereplay center, review thevideo evidence…call stands. Playerejected, twofree throwsandpossession.”NBA 比赛中裁判是隐形的主角。一个判罚可能改变比赛走向。这一篇把犯规分类、违例规则、裁判手势、挑战系统全部讲透。规则体系 Rules Officiating System裁判 (Officials) ↓ 犯规 (Fouls) ↓ 违例 (Violations) ↓ 判罚与挑战 (Calls Challenges)一、裁判与判罚 Officials Calls裁判术语英文音标中译说明referee/ˌrefəˈriː/裁判正式称呼official/əˈfɪʃl/裁判官方称呼ref/ref/裁判口语简称crew chief/kruː tʃiːf/主裁判三人组中的领队umpire/ˈʌmpaɪər/副裁判第二裁判referee crew/kruː/裁判组三人裁判团whistle/ˈwɪsl/哨子裁判用具blow the whistle/bloʊ/吹哨鸣笛判罚“Theref blows the whistleandsignals a foul.”裁判吹哨示意犯规。判罚术语英文音标中译说明call/kɔːl/判罚名词或动词make the call/meɪk ðə kɔːl/做出判罚判定no call/noʊ kɔːl/不吹罚没有判罚missed call/mɪst kɔːl/漏判该吹没吹bad call/bæd kɔːl/误判错误判罚make-up call/ˈmeɪkʌp kɔːl/补偿性判罚之前漏判后的弥补ticky-tack foul/ˈtɪki tæk/鸡毛犯规很小的接触home cooking/hoʊm ˈkʊkɪŋ/主场哨偏向主队的判罚“That was aticky-tack foul—shouldn’t even have been called.”那是个鸡毛犯规——根本不该吹。ticky-tack形容判罚标准过严、接触过轻。“Refs are giving them somehome cookingtonight.”裁判今晚给他们吹主场哨。home cooking字面意思家常菜比喻主场偏哨。申诉表达英文音标中译说明argue the call/ˈɑːrɡjuː/抗议判罚跟裁判争论plead his case/pliːd hɪz keɪs/申辩解释自己的情况dispute/dɪˈspjuːt/争议提出异议complain/kəmˈpleɪn/抱怨不满判罚flop/flɑːp/假摔假装被犯规sell the call/sel ðə kɔːl/演给裁判看夸张表演骗判罚“He’sselling the call—the refs aren’t buying it.”他在演给裁判看——裁判不买账。二、犯规类型 Types of Fouls个人犯规英文音标中译说明personal foul/ˈpɜːrsənl faʊl/个人犯规普通犯规common foul/ˈkɑːmən/普通犯规一般犯规shooting foul/ˈʃuːtɪŋ/投篮犯规投篮时被犯规reach-in foul/riːtʃ ɪn/伸手犯规伸手抢球犯规holding foul/ˈhoʊldɪŋ/拉人犯规抓住对手pushing foul/ˈpʊʃɪŋ/推人犯规推动对手blocking foul/ˈblɑːkɪŋ/阻挡犯规防守站位错误illegal screen/ɪˈliːɡl skriːn/非法掩护移动掩护moving screen/ˈmuːvɪŋ skriːn/移动掩护同上“Shooting foulon the three-point attempt—three free throws.”三分出手时被犯规——三次罚球。进攻犯规英文音标中译说明offensive foul/əˈfensɪv/进攻犯规进攻方犯规charging foul/ˈtʃɑːrdʒɪŋ/撞人犯规进攻人撞防守人charge/tʃɑːrdʒ/带球撞人同上player control foul/ˈpleɪər kənˈtroʊl/持球队员犯规持球者犯规“Charge!Heplowed throughthe defender.”撞人犯规他撞翻了防守人。plow through 撞穿plow原意犁地严重犯规英文音标中译说明flagrant foul/ˈfleɪɡrənt/恶意犯规严重犯规flagrant 1/ˈfleɪɡrənt wʌn/一级恶犯不必要接触flagrant 2/ˈfleɪɡrənt tuː/二级恶犯不必要且过度自动驱逐technical foul/ˈteknɪkl/技术犯规非接触类违规double technical/ˈdʌbl/双方技犯双方各一次coach’s technical/ˈkoʊtʃɪz/教练技犯教练被吹技犯ejection/iˈdʒekʃn/驱逐被罚出场ejected/iˈdʒektɪd/被驱逐被罚下“Flagrant 2!He’sejectedfrom the game.”二级恶犯他被驱逐出场。犯规等级一览Common foul 普通犯规Flagrant 1 一级恶犯不必要接触Flagrant 2 二级恶犯不必要过度自动驱逐Technical foul 技术犯规非接触违规“Twotechsin one game meansautomatic ejection.”一场比赛吃两次技犯自动驱逐。techs是 technical fouls 的口语简称。特殊犯规英文音标中译说明clear path foul/klɪr pæθ/清晰路径犯规无防守者快攻被犯规take foul/teɪk faʊl/战术犯规主动犯规阻止快攻transition take foul/trænˈzɪʃn/转换战术犯规转换中战术犯规hack-a-Shaq/ˌhæk ə ˈʃæk/砍鲨战术故意犯规罚球差的人away-from-the-play foul/əˈweɪ frəm ðə pleɪ/远离球的犯规远离球的犯规loose ball foul/luːs bɔːl/争球犯规争抢散球时犯规double foul/ˈdʌbl/双方犯规双方同时犯规“Clear path foul—two free throws and possession.”清晰路径犯规——两罚一掷。hack-a-Shaq是故意犯规罚球差的球员的策略源自对奥尼尔Shaq的策略。犯规累积英文音标中译说明foul count/faʊl kaʊnt/犯规数累计犯规foul trouble/faʊl ˈtrʌbl/犯规麻烦接近罚下in foul trouble/ɪn/陷入犯规麻烦犯规过多pick up a foul/pɪk ʌp/吃一次犯规累积犯规foul out/faʊl aʊt/六犯离场犯满被罚下disqualified/dɪsˈkwɑːlɪfaɪd/取消资格6犯被罚下in the bonus/ɪn ðə ˈboʊnəs/罚球状态进入加罚over the limit/ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmɪt/超出团队犯规同上“He’sin foul troublewith5 foulsalready.”他陷入犯规麻烦已经5次犯规。“They’rein the bonus, every foul meansfree throws.”他们进入罚球状态每次犯规都罚球。三、违例 Violations走步与运球违例英文音标中译说明traveling/ˈtrævəlɪŋ/走步多走两步以上travel/ˈtrævl/走步动词/名词同上double dribble/ˈdʌbl ˈdrɪbl/二次运球停球后再运球carrying/ˈkæriɪŋ/翻腕翻掌运球palming/ˈpɑːmɪŋ/翻腕同上backcourt violation/ˈbækkɔːrt/回场违例球过半场后回到后场over and back/ˈoʊvər ænd bæk/回场违例同上口语“Travel!He took three steps without dribbling.”走步他没运球走了三步。时间违例英文音标中译说明3-second violation/θriː ˈsekənd/3秒违例禁区站3秒5-second violation/faɪv/5秒违例持球5秒8-second violation/eɪt/8秒违例8秒未过半场24-second violation/twenti fɔːr/24秒违例进攻超时shot clock violation/ʃɑːt klɑːk/进攻时钟违例同上delay of game/dɪˈleɪ əv ɡeɪm/延误比赛故意拖延“Shot clock violation!They didn’t get a shot off.”24秒违例他们没出手。get a shot off 完成出手shot off是固定搭配边界违例英文音标中译说明out of bounds/aʊt əv baʊndz/出界球或人出界step out of bounds/step aʊt/踩线出界脚踩边界ball out of bounds/bɔːl aʊt/球出界球碰界外last touch/læst tʌtʃ/最后触球最后碰球的人off your hands/ɔːf jʊr hændz/从你手上出去从你手上出界“Ball goes off Curry’s hands—Warriors’ ball!”球从库里手上出去——勇士球等等这里要纠正一下。如果球从某人手上出界规则是对方球。所以应该是“Ball goes off Curry’s hands—Lakers’ ball!”球从库里手上出去——湖人球其他违例英文音标中译说明goaltending/ˈɡoʊltendɪŋ/干扰球防守触碰下落中的球basket interference/ˈbæskɪt ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/干扰球进攻/防守触碰篮筐上的球kicked ball/kɪkt bɔːl/踢球违例故意用脚踢球lane violation/leɪn/罚球占位违例罚球时提前进区illegal defense/ɪˈliːɡl/防守违例非法防守站位defensive 3-second/dɪˈfensɪv/防守3秒防守球员禁区站3秒“Goaltending!He caught it on the way down—basket counts.”干扰球他在下落时碰到——进球有效。四、罚球 Free Throws罚球术语英文音标中译说明free throw/friː θroʊ/罚球罚球free throw line/laɪn/罚球线罚球位置charity stripe/ˈtʃærəti straɪp/慈善线罚球线俚语at the line/æt ðə laɪn/站上罚球线准备罚球to the line/tuː ðə laɪn/走上罚球线走向罚球free throw attempts/əˈtempts/罚球出手罚球次数free throw percentage/pərˈsentɪdʒ/罚球命中率罚球%make both/meɪk boʊθ/两罚全中两罚都进split the pair/splɪt ðə per/两罚一中中一个miss both/mɪs/两罚不中都没进“He goesto the linefortwo free throws.”他站上罚球线投两罚。“Splash, splash!Hemakes bothtotie the game.”进进他两罚全中扳平比分。罚球数量规则情境罚球数2-point shooting foul (made)1 free throw2-point shooting foul (missed)2 free throws3-point shooting foul (made)1 free throw3-point shooting foul (missed)3 free throwsBonus foul2 free throwsTechnical foul1 free throwFlagrant foul2 free throws possession“Three-point shooting foul, miss—three free throws.”三分投篮犯规没进——三次罚球。与罚球相关的表达英文音标中译说明and-one/ˈændwʌn/加罚进球加罚convert the and-one/kənˈvɜːrt/加罚命中加罚也进three-point play/θriː pɔɪnt pleɪ/三分打2分1罚four-point play/fɔːr/四分打3分1罚bonus/ˈboʊnəs/罚球状态球队进入加罚double bonus/ˈdʌbl/双倍罚球旧规则“He scores, gets fouled,converts the and-one—three-point play!”他得分被犯规加罚命中——31五、回放与挑战 Replay Challenge回放系统英文音标中译说明replay/ˈriːpleɪ/回放录像回看video review/ˈvɪdioʊ rɪˈvjuː/视频回看查看录像go to the monitor/ɡoʊ tuː ðə ˈmɑːnɪtər/看显示器回看视频replay center/ˈsentər/回放中心总部回放review the play/rɪˈvjuː/回看判罚查看判罚under review/ˈʌndər/审核中正在回看“The play isunder reviewat thereplay center.”这次判罚正在回放中心审核。教练挑战英文音标中译说明coach’s challenge/ˈkoʊtʃɪz ˈtʃælɪndʒ/教练挑战教练申请回放call timeout/kɔːl/叫暂停挑战需要暂停signal for challenge/ˈsɪɡnl/示意挑战旋转手指手势challenge successful/səkˈsesfl/挑战成功改判challenge unsuccessful/ʌnsəkˈsesfl/挑战失败维持原判call overturned/kɔːl ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrnd/改判推翻原判call stands/stændz/维持原判判罚不变call confirmed/kənˈfɜːrmd/判罚确认原判正确“Coachcalls timeout,signals for the challenge.”教练叫暂停示意挑战。“Call confirmed—the original rulingstands.”判罚确认——维持原判。Challenge 的三种结果Overturned 改判挑战成功Confirmed 确认原判正确回放清晰Stands 维持回放不清晰原判保留可挑战的判罚类型是否可挑战Personal foul✅Out of bounds✅Goaltending✅Basket interference✅Made vs. missed shot❌Traveling❌Three seconds❌“Coaches can challengefouls,out of bounds, andgoaltending, but nottravelingorthree seconds.”教练可以挑战犯规、出界和干扰球但不能挑战走步或3秒。六、裁判手势 Referee Signals常见手势对应判罚手势判罚描述Closed fistPersonal foul紧握拳头Hand on headBlocking foul手放头上Hand on hipHolding手放腰上Pushing motionPushing foul推的动作Two arms crossed (T)Technical foul双手交叉成TTwo arms raisedFlagrant foul双手举起Thumb outEjection大拇指指出场外Three fingers3-point attempt三个手指Arms waving (no count)Basket waved off双臂左右挥动Charging motionOffensive foul拳头打到手心“The ref makes the‘T’ signalwith both arms—technical foul.”裁判双臂做T形——技术犯规。手势相关表达英文音标中译说明signal the foul/ˈsɪɡnl ðə faʊl/示意犯规做出手势wave it off/weɪv ɪt ɔːf/挥手取消取消进球count the basket/kaʊnt ðə ˈbæskɪt/进球有效计算得分no basket/noʊ/进球无效不计得分eject the player/iˈdʒekt/驱逐球员罚出场“Hewaves offthe basket—offensive foulbefore the shot.”他挥手取消进球——投篮前进攻犯规。Listen Learn一段完整裁判判罚解说“Curry drives, contact… whistle.Shooting foul on the three-point attempt. But wait—Coach Kerrcalls timeout,signals for the challenge. The refs go to themonitor,review the play…call overturned!It was aclean play, no foul.Warriors retain timeout,Lakers’ ball. Big-timechallenge by Coach Kerr.”拆解shooting foul 投篮犯规calls timeout 叫暂停signals for the challenge 示意挑战call overturned 改判clean play 干净的防守retain timeout 保留暂停big-time challenge 关键挑战翻译库里突破有接触……哨响。三分投篮犯规。等等——科尔教练叫暂停示意挑战。裁判走向显示器回看判罚……改判这是干净的防守没有犯规。勇士保留暂停湖人球。科尔教练的关键挑战。Practice 小练习Ⅰ. 犯规分类将犯规与类型配对投篮时被推 → ____双方过度接触不必要 → ____教练抗议被吹 → ____故意犯规罚球差的人 → ____选项technical foul / hack-a-Shaq / shooting foul / flagrant 2Ⅱ. 翻译He’s in foul trouble with 5 fouls already.Call confirmed—the original ruling stands.He scores, gets fouled, converts the and-one—three-point play!Ⅲ. 填空Two techs in one game means automatic ____.Coach’s challenge can review fouls but not ____.He’s selling the ____—the refs aren’t buying it.参考答案Ⅰ. shooting foul / flagrant 2 / technical foul / hack-a-ShaqⅡ.他陷入犯规麻烦已经5次犯规。判罚确认——维持原判。他得分被犯规加罚命中——31Ⅲ. ejection / traveling / call下一篇预告15 数据与统计从得分王到效率值——什么是 PER什么是 plus-minus从基础数据到高阶统计全面解析。继续吗后记2026年6月13日于上海。在claude opus 4.8辅助下完成。
【篮球英语】14 裁判与规则：从犯规到挑战
14 裁判与规则从犯规到挑战Opening Scene“Whistle blows.Flagrant foul, type 2—the referee makes theejection signal. The coachcalls for a challenge, the refs go to thereplay center, review thevideo evidence…call stands. Playerejected, twofree throwsandpossession.”NBA 比赛中裁判是隐形的主角。一个判罚可能改变比赛走向。这一篇把犯规分类、违例规则、裁判手势、挑战系统全部讲透。规则体系 Rules Officiating System裁判 (Officials) ↓ 犯规 (Fouls) ↓ 违例 (Violations) ↓ 判罚与挑战 (Calls Challenges)一、裁判与判罚 Officials Calls裁判术语英文音标中译说明referee/ˌrefəˈriː/裁判正式称呼official/əˈfɪʃl/裁判官方称呼ref/ref/裁判口语简称crew chief/kruː tʃiːf/主裁判三人组中的领队umpire/ˈʌmpaɪər/副裁判第二裁判referee crew/kruː/裁判组三人裁判团whistle/ˈwɪsl/哨子裁判用具blow the whistle/bloʊ/吹哨鸣笛判罚“Theref blows the whistleandsignals a foul.”裁判吹哨示意犯规。判罚术语英文音标中译说明call/kɔːl/判罚名词或动词make the call/meɪk ðə kɔːl/做出判罚判定no call/noʊ kɔːl/不吹罚没有判罚missed call/mɪst kɔːl/漏判该吹没吹bad call/bæd kɔːl/误判错误判罚make-up call/ˈmeɪkʌp kɔːl/补偿性判罚之前漏判后的弥补ticky-tack foul/ˈtɪki tæk/鸡毛犯规很小的接触home cooking/hoʊm ˈkʊkɪŋ/主场哨偏向主队的判罚“That was aticky-tack foul—shouldn’t even have been called.”那是个鸡毛犯规——根本不该吹。ticky-tack形容判罚标准过严、接触过轻。“Refs are giving them somehome cookingtonight.”裁判今晚给他们吹主场哨。home cooking字面意思家常菜比喻主场偏哨。申诉表达英文音标中译说明argue the call/ˈɑːrɡjuː/抗议判罚跟裁判争论plead his case/pliːd hɪz keɪs/申辩解释自己的情况dispute/dɪˈspjuːt/争议提出异议complain/kəmˈpleɪn/抱怨不满判罚flop/flɑːp/假摔假装被犯规sell the call/sel ðə kɔːl/演给裁判看夸张表演骗判罚“He’sselling the call—the refs aren’t buying it.”他在演给裁判看——裁判不买账。二、犯规类型 Types of Fouls个人犯规英文音标中译说明personal foul/ˈpɜːrsənl faʊl/个人犯规普通犯规common foul/ˈkɑːmən/普通犯规一般犯规shooting foul/ˈʃuːtɪŋ/投篮犯规投篮时被犯规reach-in foul/riːtʃ ɪn/伸手犯规伸手抢球犯规holding foul/ˈhoʊldɪŋ/拉人犯规抓住对手pushing foul/ˈpʊʃɪŋ/推人犯规推动对手blocking foul/ˈblɑːkɪŋ/阻挡犯规防守站位错误illegal screen/ɪˈliːɡl skriːn/非法掩护移动掩护moving screen/ˈmuːvɪŋ skriːn/移动掩护同上“Shooting foulon the three-point attempt—three free throws.”三分出手时被犯规——三次罚球。进攻犯规英文音标中译说明offensive foul/əˈfensɪv/进攻犯规进攻方犯规charging foul/ˈtʃɑːrdʒɪŋ/撞人犯规进攻人撞防守人charge/tʃɑːrdʒ/带球撞人同上player control foul/ˈpleɪər kənˈtroʊl/持球队员犯规持球者犯规“Charge!Heplowed throughthe defender.”撞人犯规他撞翻了防守人。plow through 撞穿plow原意犁地严重犯规英文音标中译说明flagrant foul/ˈfleɪɡrənt/恶意犯规严重犯规flagrant 1/ˈfleɪɡrənt wʌn/一级恶犯不必要接触flagrant 2/ˈfleɪɡrənt tuː/二级恶犯不必要且过度自动驱逐technical foul/ˈteknɪkl/技术犯规非接触类违规double technical/ˈdʌbl/双方技犯双方各一次coach’s technical/ˈkoʊtʃɪz/教练技犯教练被吹技犯ejection/iˈdʒekʃn/驱逐被罚出场ejected/iˈdʒektɪd/被驱逐被罚下“Flagrant 2!He’sejectedfrom the game.”二级恶犯他被驱逐出场。犯规等级一览Common foul 普通犯规Flagrant 1 一级恶犯不必要接触Flagrant 2 二级恶犯不必要过度自动驱逐Technical foul 技术犯规非接触违规“Twotechsin one game meansautomatic ejection.”一场比赛吃两次技犯自动驱逐。techs是 technical fouls 的口语简称。特殊犯规英文音标中译说明clear path foul/klɪr pæθ/清晰路径犯规无防守者快攻被犯规take foul/teɪk faʊl/战术犯规主动犯规阻止快攻transition take foul/trænˈzɪʃn/转换战术犯规转换中战术犯规hack-a-Shaq/ˌhæk ə ˈʃæk/砍鲨战术故意犯规罚球差的人away-from-the-play foul/əˈweɪ frəm ðə pleɪ/远离球的犯规远离球的犯规loose ball foul/luːs bɔːl/争球犯规争抢散球时犯规double foul/ˈdʌbl/双方犯规双方同时犯规“Clear path foul—two free throws and possession.”清晰路径犯规——两罚一掷。hack-a-Shaq是故意犯规罚球差的球员的策略源自对奥尼尔Shaq的策略。犯规累积英文音标中译说明foul count/faʊl kaʊnt/犯规数累计犯规foul trouble/faʊl ˈtrʌbl/犯规麻烦接近罚下in foul trouble/ɪn/陷入犯规麻烦犯规过多pick up a foul/pɪk ʌp/吃一次犯规累积犯规foul out/faʊl aʊt/六犯离场犯满被罚下disqualified/dɪsˈkwɑːlɪfaɪd/取消资格6犯被罚下in the bonus/ɪn ðə ˈboʊnəs/罚球状态进入加罚over the limit/ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmɪt/超出团队犯规同上“He’sin foul troublewith5 foulsalready.”他陷入犯规麻烦已经5次犯规。“They’rein the bonus, every foul meansfree throws.”他们进入罚球状态每次犯规都罚球。三、违例 Violations走步与运球违例英文音标中译说明traveling/ˈtrævəlɪŋ/走步多走两步以上travel/ˈtrævl/走步动词/名词同上double dribble/ˈdʌbl ˈdrɪbl/二次运球停球后再运球carrying/ˈkæriɪŋ/翻腕翻掌运球palming/ˈpɑːmɪŋ/翻腕同上backcourt violation/ˈbækkɔːrt/回场违例球过半场后回到后场over and back/ˈoʊvər ænd bæk/回场违例同上口语“Travel!He took three steps without dribbling.”走步他没运球走了三步。时间违例英文音标中译说明3-second violation/θriː ˈsekənd/3秒违例禁区站3秒5-second violation/faɪv/5秒违例持球5秒8-second violation/eɪt/8秒违例8秒未过半场24-second violation/twenti fɔːr/24秒违例进攻超时shot clock violation/ʃɑːt klɑːk/进攻时钟违例同上delay of game/dɪˈleɪ əv ɡeɪm/延误比赛故意拖延“Shot clock violation!They didn’t get a shot off.”24秒违例他们没出手。get a shot off 完成出手shot off是固定搭配边界违例英文音标中译说明out of bounds/aʊt əv baʊndz/出界球或人出界step out of bounds/step aʊt/踩线出界脚踩边界ball out of bounds/bɔːl aʊt/球出界球碰界外last touch/læst tʌtʃ/最后触球最后碰球的人off your hands/ɔːf jʊr hændz/从你手上出去从你手上出界“Ball goes off Curry’s hands—Warriors’ ball!”球从库里手上出去——勇士球等等这里要纠正一下。如果球从某人手上出界规则是对方球。所以应该是“Ball goes off Curry’s hands—Lakers’ ball!”球从库里手上出去——湖人球其他违例英文音标中译说明goaltending/ˈɡoʊltendɪŋ/干扰球防守触碰下落中的球basket interference/ˈbæskɪt ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/干扰球进攻/防守触碰篮筐上的球kicked ball/kɪkt bɔːl/踢球违例故意用脚踢球lane violation/leɪn/罚球占位违例罚球时提前进区illegal defense/ɪˈliːɡl/防守违例非法防守站位defensive 3-second/dɪˈfensɪv/防守3秒防守球员禁区站3秒“Goaltending!He caught it on the way down—basket counts.”干扰球他在下落时碰到——进球有效。四、罚球 Free Throws罚球术语英文音标中译说明free throw/friː θroʊ/罚球罚球free throw line/laɪn/罚球线罚球位置charity stripe/ˈtʃærəti straɪp/慈善线罚球线俚语at the line/æt ðə laɪn/站上罚球线准备罚球to the line/tuː ðə laɪn/走上罚球线走向罚球free throw attempts/əˈtempts/罚球出手罚球次数free throw percentage/pərˈsentɪdʒ/罚球命中率罚球%make both/meɪk boʊθ/两罚全中两罚都进split the pair/splɪt ðə per/两罚一中中一个miss both/mɪs/两罚不中都没进“He goesto the linefortwo free throws.”他站上罚球线投两罚。“Splash, splash!Hemakes bothtotie the game.”进进他两罚全中扳平比分。罚球数量规则情境罚球数2-point shooting foul (made)1 free throw2-point shooting foul (missed)2 free throws3-point shooting foul (made)1 free throw3-point shooting foul (missed)3 free throwsBonus foul2 free throwsTechnical foul1 free throwFlagrant foul2 free throws possession“Three-point shooting foul, miss—three free throws.”三分投篮犯规没进——三次罚球。与罚球相关的表达英文音标中译说明and-one/ˈændwʌn/加罚进球加罚convert the and-one/kənˈvɜːrt/加罚命中加罚也进three-point play/θriː pɔɪnt pleɪ/三分打2分1罚four-point play/fɔːr/四分打3分1罚bonus/ˈboʊnəs/罚球状态球队进入加罚double bonus/ˈdʌbl/双倍罚球旧规则“He scores, gets fouled,converts the and-one—three-point play!”他得分被犯规加罚命中——31五、回放与挑战 Replay Challenge回放系统英文音标中译说明replay/ˈriːpleɪ/回放录像回看video review/ˈvɪdioʊ rɪˈvjuː/视频回看查看录像go to the monitor/ɡoʊ tuː ðə ˈmɑːnɪtər/看显示器回看视频replay center/ˈsentər/回放中心总部回放review the play/rɪˈvjuː/回看判罚查看判罚under review/ˈʌndər/审核中正在回看“The play isunder reviewat thereplay center.”这次判罚正在回放中心审核。教练挑战英文音标中译说明coach’s challenge/ˈkoʊtʃɪz ˈtʃælɪndʒ/教练挑战教练申请回放call timeout/kɔːl/叫暂停挑战需要暂停signal for challenge/ˈsɪɡnl/示意挑战旋转手指手势challenge successful/səkˈsesfl/挑战成功改判challenge unsuccessful/ʌnsəkˈsesfl/挑战失败维持原判call overturned/kɔːl ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrnd/改判推翻原判call stands/stændz/维持原判判罚不变call confirmed/kənˈfɜːrmd/判罚确认原判正确“Coachcalls timeout,signals for the challenge.”教练叫暂停示意挑战。“Call confirmed—the original rulingstands.”判罚确认——维持原判。Challenge 的三种结果Overturned 改判挑战成功Confirmed 确认原判正确回放清晰Stands 维持回放不清晰原判保留可挑战的判罚类型是否可挑战Personal foul✅Out of bounds✅Goaltending✅Basket interference✅Made vs. missed shot❌Traveling❌Three seconds❌“Coaches can challengefouls,out of bounds, andgoaltending, but nottravelingorthree seconds.”教练可以挑战犯规、出界和干扰球但不能挑战走步或3秒。六、裁判手势 Referee Signals常见手势对应判罚手势判罚描述Closed fistPersonal foul紧握拳头Hand on headBlocking foul手放头上Hand on hipHolding手放腰上Pushing motionPushing foul推的动作Two arms crossed (T)Technical foul双手交叉成TTwo arms raisedFlagrant foul双手举起Thumb outEjection大拇指指出场外Three fingers3-point attempt三个手指Arms waving (no count)Basket waved off双臂左右挥动Charging motionOffensive foul拳头打到手心“The ref makes the‘T’ signalwith both arms—technical foul.”裁判双臂做T形——技术犯规。手势相关表达英文音标中译说明signal the foul/ˈsɪɡnl ðə faʊl/示意犯规做出手势wave it off/weɪv ɪt ɔːf/挥手取消取消进球count the basket/kaʊnt ðə ˈbæskɪt/进球有效计算得分no basket/noʊ/进球无效不计得分eject the player/iˈdʒekt/驱逐球员罚出场“Hewaves offthe basket—offensive foulbefore the shot.”他挥手取消进球——投篮前进攻犯规。Listen Learn一段完整裁判判罚解说“Curry drives, contact… whistle.Shooting foul on the three-point attempt. But wait—Coach Kerrcalls timeout,signals for the challenge. The refs go to themonitor,review the play…call overturned!It was aclean play, no foul.Warriors retain timeout,Lakers’ ball. Big-timechallenge by Coach Kerr.”拆解shooting foul 投篮犯规calls timeout 叫暂停signals for the challenge 示意挑战call overturned 改判clean play 干净的防守retain timeout 保留暂停big-time challenge 关键挑战翻译库里突破有接触……哨响。三分投篮犯规。等等——科尔教练叫暂停示意挑战。裁判走向显示器回看判罚……改判这是干净的防守没有犯规。勇士保留暂停湖人球。科尔教练的关键挑战。Practice 小练习Ⅰ. 犯规分类将犯规与类型配对投篮时被推 → ____双方过度接触不必要 → ____教练抗议被吹 → ____故意犯规罚球差的人 → ____选项technical foul / hack-a-Shaq / shooting foul / flagrant 2Ⅱ. 翻译He’s in foul trouble with 5 fouls already.Call confirmed—the original ruling stands.He scores, gets fouled, converts the and-one—three-point play!Ⅲ. 填空Two techs in one game means automatic ____.Coach’s challenge can review fouls but not ____.He’s selling the ____—the refs aren’t buying it.参考答案Ⅰ. shooting foul / flagrant 2 / technical foul / hack-a-ShaqⅡ.他陷入犯规麻烦已经5次犯规。判罚确认——维持原判。他得分被犯规加罚命中——31Ⅲ. ejection / traveling / call下一篇预告15 数据与统计从得分王到效率值——什么是 PER什么是 plus-minus从基础数据到高阶统计全面解析。继续吗后记2026年6月13日于上海。在claude opus 4.8辅助下完成。
